Part the First: The Next Surgeon General Prepares for her Closeup. In a surprise to absolutely no one, Casey Means MD discloses financial ties to supplement industry.
New financial disclosures from surgeon general nominee Casey Means show that she’s made hundreds of thousands of dollars promoting supplements and other health and wellness products, details likely to invite new scrutiny about potential conflicts of interest for the author and entrepreneur.
Means, a close ally of health secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and the sister of White House adviser Calley Means, has not yet been scheduled to appear before Congress for her confirmation hearing. But a filing (pdf) dated Sept. 10 and posted by the Office of Government Ethics suggests her nomination cleared conflict-of-interest checks within the federal government.
The supplements industry has ties with several members of the Trump administration, including Medicaid director Mehmet Oz and health adviser Calley Means. An AP investigation this summer found that Casey Means had repeatedly failed to disclose her partnerships with supplements companies and other businesses promoted in her newsletter, social media accounts, and elsewhere.
Casey Means MD has been identified as an “entrepreneurial doctor,” and that she is. We have discussed her previously in a review of her book Good Energy, which in its explanation of metabolism was very good. But ultimately it was a paean to MAHA, as it turns out that MAHA consists of superfluous advice for rich people. That was not surprising, either. According to her story Casey Means MD quit her ENT residency after four years of a five-year program because she found herself only treating diseases of the ear, nose, and throat instead of understanding them. This, because she was not taught the causes of disease as a medical student at Stanford.
In this she is not believable. After leaving medicine she opened a functional medicine practice where she could treat the whole patient (who has the money to pay for hours-long appointments). Her company Levels is at the forefront of the current Health and Human Services Secretary’s effort to provide “wearables” to everyone. This is not even borderline stupid. Continuous glucose monitoring is essential for diabetics and others with metabolic diseases. But for everyone else a yearly checkup that includes routine blood work is enough. But really, how many people have the time, health insurance (category error), and personal primary care physician for the yearly checkup? Now, making that possible would Make All of America Healthy Again (MAAHA).
Two other points before moving on. Casey Means MD is generally referred to as a doctor or physician. She has an MD from Stanford and began a residency she did not complete. But without a license to practice medicine, she cannot legally refer to herself as a “doctor” in most jurisdictions in the United States. This is not a trivial matter. Which leads to the final point: How many Surgeon Generals of the United States did not have a valid license to practice medicine when they were nominated and confirmed for the position?
Part the Second: Gene Therapy is Hard. Sarepta Therapeutics produces a gene therapy (Elevidys) for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The cause of DMD is lack of a very large protein called dystrophin that is essential for skeletal muscle cells to maintain their integrity during cycles of contraction. DMD is eventually fatal due to progressive muscle atrophy accompanied by fat infiltration of muscle tissue. Gene therapy is the only currently imaginable hope for DMD patients.
Elevidys produces a micro-dystrophin (gene therapy for full-length dystrophin would be impossible with current technology) that is delivered to target muscle in an infusion. Earlier this year two patients died after the treatment caused by the viral vector, perhaps due to underlying liver problems. Other patients have not had this reaction. But Elevidys has been controversial from the start and now Critics call on Sarepta to show how it’s measuring gene therapy’s performance:
The summer has been filled with debates about the safety of Elevidys, Sarepta’s gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Four prominent researchers are now raising a fundamental question about its efficacy: How much gene does the gene therapy actually deliver?
In principle, the question should be settled. Since its first trial in 2017, Sarepta has taken muscle biopsies from participants and measured how much microdystrophin – a mini version of the gene broken in Duchenne – is present. (The gene has to be miniaturized to fit inside the virus that delivers it to cells.)
Sarepta has reported that patients produce 35% microdystrophin:
(This means ) their muscle cells have about a third as much of this miniature protein as healthy humans have of the full-length protein. The number was a key part of obtaining the drug’s initial accelerated approval in 2023 for 4- and 5-year-olds and its broader approval the following year.
That number could be inflated, the researchers wrote last month in a letter to Neurology. The issues they raise are technical but could warp perceptions of the therapy: Giving families an outsized sense of the treatment’s potential impact, diminishing researchers’ and funders’ interest in developing future therapies, and making it harder to choose between different treatments if therapies do become available.
“My greatest concern is that patients and their physicians do not have the information they need to assess the risk-benefit of gene therapy for Duchenne,” Kathryn Wagner, a professor emeritus at Johns Hopkins University and a co-author, wrote in an email.
What “35%” means in this context is unclear (by mass or number of molecules), but more importantly, whether this is a reasonable clinical endpoint that justifies the therapy remains unknown. This is not unlike the question of whether an “immune response” is an adequate measure of the likely efficacy of a vaccine. We have seen over the past several years that this is not always the case. Gene therapy, along with stem cell therapy, will be the outright cures of many devastating diseases. But progress in each has been slow while the hype has been fast, beginning with the completion of the human genome sequence and the first isolation of human stem cells about twenty-five years ago. If Elevidys fails despite the hype, this will just be another example of BioMedicine (Big Medicine plus Big Pharma) losing the plot. And then there is this:
The letter (asking about measurement of micro-dystrophin expression) is a footnote to the larger debate around a therapy that has divided researchers, regulators, and advocates for years. To many, Elevidys came to represent the best hope against a relentless and fatal disease after it seemed highly effective in a few individual patients. But the therapy failed two randomized clinical trials, repeatedly roiled the Food and Drug Administration, and was briefly pulled off the market earlier this summer after the deaths of two teenagers. (It is now available again for younger children, after community outcry.)
As harsh as this sounds, false hope is not better than no hope. If Elevidys works only in a few patients, so be it. We as a society can afford it at ~$3 million per one-time course. But the chance of failure must be admitted up front by the gene therapists and fully understood by the parents of the patients, and the patients when they are old enough to understand.
Part the Third: Global Efforts Can Succeed. The Ozone Hole Is Steadily Shrinking because of Global Efforts. Yes, it is! And because we the people took action:
Forty years after global policymakers began grappling with the crisis posed by a gaping hole in Earth’s protective ozone layer over Antarctica, the damage is continuing to heal, according to a new report from the World Meteorological Organization.
In the 1980s, scientists realized that a massive hole was developing in the ozone layer over Antarctica every southern spring and then tied the observation back to earlier research that discovered that a group of chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were able to eat away at atmospheric ozone. Nations came together to develop an agreement called the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in 1987, to stop the production of these chemicals.
“The Montreal Protocol is the best environmental agreement we’ve ever created,” says Durwood Zaelke, an environmental policy expert at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and founder and president of the Institute of Governance & Sustainable Development, an organization that is focused on addressing short-lived but high-powered climate pollutants. These include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which do not harm the ozone layer and replaced many CFCs as they were phased out. The agreement has garnered global signatories, several rounds of successful amendments and the near-total elimination of the chemicals that break down ozone. “This is a hell of an agreement,” Zaelke says.
I seem to remember that the Merchants of Doubt went into action with dispatch in the 1980s when the cause of the ozone hole was determined (and resulted in a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995): “Chloroflurocarbons, oh my! We can’t live without them.” The merchants did not win that time. Bill McKibben published The End of Nature in 1989. This was twenty years after the oil companies were doing research that demonstrated the obvious consequences of their success. The Merchants of Doubt won that one, perhaps for good. The problem was larger, but persistent inaction was not foreordained. And just maybe, it still doesn’t have to be. That, of course, would be up to us, after COP 1-29 and counting.
Part the Fourth: Do We Really Need Daylight Saving Time? This one is marginally difficult for me. One of the best times to play golf is very late afternoon in the long summer twilight. The light is special, and the birds are active. And there are no 30-somethings in golf carts blaring music through their blue tooth speakers. But recent research indicates that if we are going to live and work on a prescribed daily schedule, perhaps we should leave the clocks alone. I do know the farmer who ran my first independent lab was not amused when the clocks sprang forward in late March, because the change did make doing business in town difficult. That did not change how he and his brother managed their 400-acre cattle and truck farm. Moreover, a new study suggests that permanent standard time may reduce obesity and stroke.
A new study published on Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA indicates that eliminating these repeated time shifts and keeping standard time permanently might help lower rates of obesity and stroke.
“Our work reveals that there may be greater health benefits on a population level if we switch to a permanent standard time,” says study co-author Lara Weed, a bioengineering Ph.D. candidate at Stanford University. “We hope that policymakers take a peek at [the rates of disease in] their individual states when they’re making assessments on how to incorporate the information that we provided.”
Past research has shown that switching to standard time every fall and daylight saving time every spring brings various kinds of negative consequences, including a higher risk of heart attacks and car accidents, along with disruptions to sleep, alertness and productivity. Several international scientific associations, including the American Medical Association and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, have spoken out against time shifting, arguing that the greater morning light exposure provided by standard time could help reduce many of these problems. Few studies have examined the long-term health effects of sticking with a single time policy, however.
The projected results could be considered marginal. But a 0.8% drop in obesity in the United States is 2.6 million people. Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly can do without the extra “consumers” dependent on insulin and other drugs, if they can afford them in the first place.
Part the Fifth: Forgotten Politics in America. On in the words of Matt McManus, Socialism is as American as apple pie, strange as it may sound. It was not strange to Abraham Lincoln:
In 1861 Lincoln proclaimed that labor is “prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.”
Couldn’t have said it better myself. Eugene V. Debs and Norman Thomas and Michael Harrington were Good Americans. As were the mayors of Milwaukee during the first half of the twentieth century:
Perhaps the most famous example is in Red Milwaukee, which was governed by socialist mayors for decades. In 1910, Emil Seidel, a patternmaker by trade, won a landslide victory advocating for “sewer” or “municipal socialism.” Seidel pitched his campaign as giving workers not only sewers, but living wages, recreation, clean air, and good homes. It was a message that resonated with the public, and Seidel went on to win the big office. He would establish the first public works department, close down brothels, and launch a city park system. When he ran for re-election in 1912, he won more votes than in his first run, though a surprising Democratic-Republican unity ticket brought him down (not really surprising at all given current fecklessness of the Democrats).
In 1916, Milwaukeeans returned to socialism, electing Daniel Hoan mayor. He’d hold the position for almost a quarter of a century, until 1940. The city would then go on to elect a third iconic socialist mayor, Frank Zeidler, in 1948. Zeidler would emulate Hoan’s long-term popularity, and was re-elected two more times between 1948 and 1960. “Sewer socialists” were municipal planners at heart, building on their philosophy that cooperation, rather than strict competition, would benefit everyone in the city. Their popularity owed much to a combination of strong support for workers’ movements and unions, expansive public works projects like city parks, and a deep dedication to caring for the least well off, not least African Americans. Zeidler drew a lot of fire advocating for desegregation and putting up billboards across the south encouraging sharecroppers to head north for plush jobs in Milwaukee.
And this takedown of Mark Levin is funny to anyone with a sense of humor, I don’t care who you are:
Contra the Right’s “cultural Marxism” (Where in the world is Jordan Peterson these days? Rhetorical question, but perhaps talking to a lobster to get a better handle on his place in the hierarchy) conspiracy theorists…American socialism isn’t some foreign disease spread by the “Franklin School of Critical Theory,” as the Fox News shouter Mark Levin amusingly called the Frankfurt School in one of his books (repeatedly, so you know it wasn’t a typo). Indeed, American socialism has been around for nearly two centuries. Its sympathizers and proponents have included Walt Whitman, Helen Keller, Martin Luther King Jr., Jack London, Upton Sinclair, and more. American socialism has defenders because it addresses real and longstanding dissatisfaction with oligarchy, imperial aggression, racialized social conflict and oppression, and the tyranny of private government in the workplace.
We could add antisocial media and surveillance capitalism to the list. Society does better when everyone does better. Period. This is not a difficult concept. And to repeat myself, again, the rich will still be rich when everyone else has good jobs at good wages with the prospect of a dignified retirement, good schools for their children, leisure to use the city parks established by Emil Seidel of Milwaukee and everywhere else, a decent place to live in perpetuity, and healthcare that is a right instead of a crapified crapshoot. But everyone else would also be in a position to channel their inner Johnny Paycheck. But that would portend the end of the Neoliberal Dispensation. And to paraphrase the late Mark Fisher and Fredric Jameson, “It remains easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of neoliberal late capitalism.”
All we need to do is stop with the “all-war-all-the-time against imaginary monsters in need of destruction,” at home and abroad, wherever you live. War is not the health of the state or anything else, other than the Military Industrial Complex and their political minions:
“Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. This world in arms is not spending money alone. It is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children. The cost of one modern heavy bomber is this: a modern brick school in more than 30 cities. It is two electric power plants, each serving a town of 60,000 population. It is two fine, fully equipped hospitals. It is some 50 miles of concrete highway. We pay for a single fighter plane with a half million bushels of wheat. We pay for a single destroyer with new homes that could have housed more than 8,000 people. This, I repeat, is the best way of life to be found on the road the world has been taking. This is not a way of life at all, in any true sense. Under the cloud of threatening war, it is humanity hanging from a cross of iron.”
President Dwight David Eisenhower, 16 April 1953
See you next week!
30 comments
Comments are closed.
Not aware of the Lincoln labor quote from 1861, and happy that you concluded with the Eisenhower quote, which was almost 8 years before the better known “military industrial complex” farewell speech; (it was originally MCIC, “congressional” being deleted from the final draft). Makes me want to consider Ike as the second best president in my lifetime, after Jimmy Carter, notwithstanding his dark foreign policy overseen by the Dulles brothers.
Golf? You play golf?!
MIC or MCIC … each is incomplete. Ray McGovern coined the present iteration: MICIMATT Military, Industrial, Congressional, Intelligence, Media, Academia, Think Tank. McGovern may have left something out,,but no one has sprung forward to amend it.
Any further thoughts, KLG, on why world elites were so much better able to deal with the ozone issue, while being somewhere between feckless and malicious when it comes to climate? Admittedly, hydrocarbons are more central to our society than chloroflorocarbons, but as you point out, there was plenty of resistance back then from industry and consumers. There was also the matter of the Concorde, when we can’t even keep private jets from becoming one of the fastest growing sources of carbon emissions.
We can’t pick and choose which of the 9 planetary boundaries we’re going to take seriously.
why world elites were so much better able to deal with the ozone issue?
Skin cancer is not a good look.
Dealing with carbon attacks the heart of capitalism itself. More growth.
It occurs to me that if the Ozone Hole problem was a new one, would the present US regime do anything about it? Or would they claim that it was all a plot to hold back American businesses? It is not so much a matter of the present regime being business-friendly but more a matter or prioritizing them in office and not all businesses but certain selected “winners” such as AI and cryptocurrency.
The ozone hole problem compared with control of fossil fuel energy (energy = economic activity – there is no economics without energy) is such a minor issue in terms of financial wealth that it becomes completely financially insignificant to vested interests and easy to agree to solving.
The ozone hole problem is financially insignificant compared to control of fossil fuel energy (exergy = economic activity – economic activity cannot exist without energy) as a huge useful work output multiplier convertible to massive financial wealth. Follow the money.
The pain (from addressing CFCs) was narrow, and the benefits were global. In contrast, the pain from GHG reductions is global and mostly affects the poorest. Why should a poor Senegalese not have a car and air conditioning, just because multi-millionaires like Gore tell him to? And if the developing world is not subsidized to move directly to renewables, it becomes irrelevant what the US does. In the end, the solution is to let nature take care of it (and humanity).
” And to repeat myself, again, the rich will still be rich when everyone else has good jobs at good wages… ”
Who cares, other than the rich? Their numbers are so vanishingly small that their hopes, dreams, and fears are irrelevant.
Add Dorothy Day to the list of great American (anti-authoritarian) socialists.
“… that their hopes, dreams, and fears are irrelevant.”
Really? Do you know how much it costs to buy political representation these days?
But that hour is still available. It would just come an hour earlier.
I assume the unstated issue is the amount of time after work.
But it won’t stop that guy behind you hitting up on you because of your slow play due you being a crappy golfer who loves the game and tries to stay out of the way.
KLG, because of your Coffee Break, Friday is my new favorite day of the week. Cannot thank you enough.
Nice Work KLG.
I like really like the last section of your article. When you quote Eisenhower, it brings to mind the enormous and ridiculous arms programs of the USA, almost all of which is dysfunctional and not fit for purpose (F35, Littoral Ship program, Constellation Frigates, XM 6.8mm rifle etc…). Unfortunately, this also brings to mind the much more successful but also ultimately wasteful production of arms in China, Russia, and North Korea (aside, to be fair, we don’t know how well chinese arms and North Korean Arms, perform while under severe battle stress (ie surviving attack and near miss explosions, multiple uses with minimal maintenance, covered in dust and dirt, evading enemy countermeasures… but if they can land something on the dark side of the moon, and perform satellite refuelling, and produce good quality semiconductors and Maglev systems, we can be sure that they are capable of very precise work). The only benevolent aspect of weapons is that they deter other people from attacking you, but how much better it would be if we could have a genuine detente and cooperation between the countries; imagine the good that could be achieved! And still can be achieved, if we can talk some sense into the US and European leadership (the special little country in West Asia could also have been very useful, but now they are morally ‘too far gone.’)
Great post!
More Class Politics please!
Tell us what to do!
Let’s fn get this bread for the people, NC!
we need to build community
one step at a time–talk to your neighbors and like lucas nelson says turn off the news and build a garden
then teach children how to garden
if we’re going to survive in the homeland we need to be more self sufficient, but it will be hard
lets get started
I feel compelled to offer a different perspective to the statement: “Continuous glucose monitoring is essential for diabetics and others with metabolic diseases. But for everyone else a yearly checkup that includes routine blood work is enough.”
A yearly checkup with a one time snapshot of blood glucose levels tells you very little unless and until you already have a serious problem. Likewise, you do not want to wait until your A1C is above 6 before you start paying attention. The point of continuous glucose monitoring is to prevent diabetes from arising in the first place. How to do that? To see how your body responds to different sources of carbohydrates. The glycemic index is only a generalization — the actual response varies from person to person. Some of data for this are summarized in Robb Wolf’s book Wired to Eat. One person sees a glucose spike when eating a banana but not cookies, and for someone else it is just the opposite. There was one Olympic athlete who was fine with most foods, but for some reason experienced a huge glucose spike whenever she ate lentils. With a CGM you can learn what foods your body processes well and which ones it does not — so you can make better choices and avoid foods that will erode your insulin sensitivity over time. Unfortunately I was not able to get a CGM, so I instead had to prick my finger and use the glucose sticks (which is a cheap option, but sometimes uncomfortable). You check your glucose before eating, then two hours later.
I found out that my glucose shoots through the roof and stays high whenever I eat blueberries. So now I know to avoid blueberries. Why would I want to wait until I am diabetic to find that out? A CGM would be a more efficient and more comfortable tool, and I think I would only need it for 2-4 weeks. But I could not find one because I could not get a prescription. At least I had the glucose sticks as an alternative option. I think everyone who is not yet diabetic would benefit by self-testing your glucose response to your favorite carbohydrates.
I know you attempted to be polite in disputing KLG on continuous glucose monitoring. I’ve been in and around enough dietary supplement/alternative medicine/diet fads over the last 35 years to take umbrage at the touting of false claims. I have tried many, found most to be ineffective, and some to be harmful to more than my wallet despite often sounding oh-so-plausible and having a veneer of research support.
This one has been debunked in well-performed studies. KLG discussed it in an earlier post on the Casey Means fraud:
https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2025/06/maha-influencers-the-future-of-public-health-and-longings-for-immortality.html
Yes, you are correct. I never actually used a CGM and I am not in a position to comment on the accuracy of the devices. The technology has limitations, and the results are not reproducible from meal to meal. The only thing I can say is “Know thyself.”
That fool Merz along with the rest of the European misleadership class would do well to heed Eisenhower’s words.
KLG, just getting to this now, early Saturday morning, hardly any time to read NC during the week. My congratulations, it’s excellent! Many sincere thanks.
Having grown up in the Milwaukee suburbs, have had an interest in Milwaukee’s socialist past. I think it is a general legacy of the German forty-eighters who settled in SE Wisconsin and were largely German socialists (at least the more prominent ones).
While Milwaukee was majority German/Polish the concept worked but I think it broke down in the 60’s as it proved inviting for Black immigration which caused division on racial/cultural lines as well as increased demand for social services that was difficult to support.
The result was white flight, particularly from the German north side.
Features of Milwaukee’s socialist past migrated from city to county government. As the suburbs grew, the county political power structure moved as well.
Hey, scott, I wonder if we know each other.
I also have an interest in the history and currency of Milwaukee “sewer” socialism, being myself the descendent of 48ers and having worked for the democratic socialist candidates and electeds around these parts.
I have, I hope, some perspective on the old municipal socialists of our city, which I typed out semi-coherently in the wake of the excitement around Z. Mamdani, which those interested can read at my Substack here
Standard time all the time. Please.
Late to the comments. Traveling this birthday weekend because the family wouldn’t let me ignore this one, which according to the calendar is a milestone of sorts.
Yes, I noticed the Eisenhower quote was from the first months of his first term! But it could be argued that he didn’t do much to head off MICIMATT during his presidency. He also tolerated Joe McCarthy way too long. Still, compared to the other presidents of my lifetime (I don’t quite remember him as president, but I do slightly remember Nixon v. Kennedy), he was quite good. And a golfer, especially in Augusta. And yes, the daylight is still there, but in high summer with Daylight Saving Time, I can walk 18 holes on an empty golf course before dark after work. Very relaxing. But I am willing to cut that back to 9 holes if we would just leave the clock alone.
The ozone hole was an easier problem, but I think it was solvable because the Powell Memo and the Merchants of Doubt it spawned had not completely taken effect in the mid- to late-1980s. Same with the influence of the Bayh-Dole Act in biomedical science. The rot had begun but the structure was still sound for the most part.
A favorite collection of essays from Walter Been Michaels and Adolph Reed, Jr, highly recommended: No Politics but Class Politics (2023). Warren Buffet is correct. There is a class war that his class is winning. No, the rest of us are not “temporarily embarrassed millionaires.”
The problems with rich people is that 99.9% of them believe their hard work and only their hard work plus smart genes are responsible for their “success.” More like 0.1%, actually, but no matter. They are certain that any gains for the “lesser” members of society must necessarily come at their “expense.” This attitude did not exist so obviously when I was young. My father was trained as a machinist courtesy of the GI Bill and worked as a skilled mechanic in a chemical plant. His scratch bowling league included numerous workers like him and and also surgeons, attorneys, and local business leaders. Or in other words, a real community. It was not unusual for a fishing boat on a Saturday morning of my youth to include a machinist, railroad engineer, surgeon, and attorney. And it was not uncommon for the machinist to be a member of the local country club.
Driving through Atlanta recently I saw a Kroger delivery van that was very proud of itself according to the message on the side of the truck. We had similar free delivery service sixty years ago in my neighborhood, courtesy of the local store that served the entire south end of town. A family of four brothers operated local grocery stores in other neighborhoods. Our store was the smallest but had everything the big chain stores had, plus a better meat department where the owner was the butcher. Yes, for a slightly higher price, but with a much greater sense of community and the convenience of sending a 10-year-old on his bicycle to pick up what was needed for supper by signing the receipt. That store has been gone for 45 years, replaced by typical American blight in the form of a “convenience” store. We will either regain a real sense of community or perish.
obryzum: No argument from me. Yves covered my previous post well. If there is reason to think you need to monitor glucose levels, by all means do so! Several years ago my fasting glucose was low normal but my Hemoglobin A1c was high normal. I moderated my carbohydrate intake and had blood work done again about three months later on the advice of my internist. Fasting glucose was the same and HbA1c was in the normal range and has stayed in their (“good” genes and nothing else). The problem with CGMs, and I see the patch on college students in the gym, is they tend to make anxious young people neurotic and middle-aged people just plain stupid. These people are the targets of MAHA because money. MAHA has no interest in the entire population.
Carla, Rolf, Jonathan, and all others: Thank you! You are too kind but are the icing on my birthday cake today!
KLG: Happy birthday. Now that you have reached the milestone of 21, you can finally drink alcohol legally.
And in spite of all of the analyses and glucose monitoring, cake is indicated.
I have wondered with most time now being set automatically via the atomic clocks thru our phones and computers whether we could just gradually adjust the time throughout the year to optimize for daylight. That way we could avoid the downsides of these big jumps twice a year.
I am confused why a one hour time change is a “big jump”. If you fly you are often involved in “jumps” far greater. In fact a flight with only a one hour “jump” is, relatively considered, trivial, as many will know. But surprisingly, many who do find it trivial when flying also claim major “jet lag” effects from it when it involves turning their clock forwards/backwards.
I am puzzled, so if anyone could help me…